Multiplication with Numicon

Quick answer

Multiplication with Numicon shapes helps children see equal groups and arrays by using patterned shapes that match numbers. You can use these shapes to build multiplication problems and understand how many items are in each group and how many groups there are.

Learning outcome

By the end of this page, you will understand how to use Numicon shapes to show multiplication as equal groups and arrays, and you will be able to solve simple multiplication problems using these visual tools.

• You can make equal groups with Numicon shapes
• You can see how arrays work using Numicon
• You can solve multiplication problems by counting the shapes
• You can use Numicon to understand what multiplication means

Why this matters

Using Numicon shapes to learn multiplication helps you see numbers in a new way. Instead of just memorising facts, you can build and see multiplication problems with your hands. This makes it easier to understand how multiplication works in real life, like when you have 3 boxes with 4 apples in each box.

Numicon shapes are especially helpful for children who learn better with visual and hands-on learning. They help you connect numbers to physical shapes, which makes it easier to remember multiplication facts later on.

How it works

Multiplication with Numicon works by using the shapes to show equal groups. Each Numicon shape has a pattern of holes that match a number. For example, the shape for 4 has 4 holes arranged in a pattern. When you multiply, you make several groups of the same shape.

1. Choose a multiplication problem, like 3 × 4
2. Take 3 shapes that represent 4
3. Place them side by side to make an array
4. Count all the holes to find the answer

You can also use Numicon shapes to make rows and columns, which helps you see how multiplication is like a grid or array.

Examples you can see

Let’s look at how to use Numicon shapes for multiplication:

Example 1: 2 × 3

• Take 2 Numicon shapes that show 3
• Place them next to each other
• Count all the holes: 3 + 3 = 6
• So 2 × 3 = 6

Example 2: 4 × 2

• Take 4 Numicon shapes that show 2
• Place them in a row
• Count all the holes: 2 + 2 + 2 + 2 = 8
• So 4 × 2 = 8

Example 3: 5 × 3

• Take 5 Numicon shapes that show 3
• Place them in a grid (5 rows, 3 in each row)
• Count all the holes: 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 = 15
• So 5 × 3 = 15

These examples show how Numicon shapes can help you understand multiplication as equal groups or as an array.

Try it as a mini adventure

Imagine you are a space explorer building a base on a new planet. You need to collect 3 types of crystals. Each crystal type has 4 crystals. How many crystals do you have in total?

1. Use Numicon shapes to show 3 groups of 4
2. Each group is a shape that shows 4 holes
3. Place them side by side to make an array
4. Count all the holes to find your total
5. Answer: 3 × 4 = 12 crystals

Now, try this challenge: If you find 5 more crystal types, and each has 3 crystals, how many more crystals do you have? Use Numicon shapes to solve it!

Common mistakes

• Mistake: Thinking that 3 × 4 means 3 + 4 = 7
• Why it happens: Mixing up multiplication with addition
• Fix: Use Numicon shapes to show 3 groups of 4, then count all the holes

• Mistake: Placing the shapes incorrectly to make an array
• Why it happens: Not lining up the shapes properly
• Fix: Make sure each group lines up evenly to show rows and columns

• Mistake: Counting the same hole twice
• Why it happens: Not keeping track of what has been counted
• Fix: Use a finger or marker to follow each hole as you count

Parent and carer guide

Parents and carers can help by:

• Using Numicon shapes to build multiplication problems together
• Encouraging children to explain their thinking as they count holes
• Repeating the process with different numbers to build confidence
• Using everyday examples like plates with cookies or toys in boxes
• Not worrying if the child makes mistakes – it's part of learning

Remember, Numicon shapes are about seeing multiplication visually. Don’t rush to teach the written multiplication facts yet – focus on understanding the concept first.

Practice questions

1. Use Numicon shapes to solve: 2 × 5 = ?
2. Use Numicon shapes to solve: 3 × 3 = ?
3. Use Numicon shapes to solve: 4 × 2 = ?
4. Use Numicon shapes to solve: 5 × 4 = ?
5. Use Numicon shapes to solve: 6 × 2 = ?

Answers:

1. 2 × 5 = 10
2. 3 × 3 = 9
3. 4 × 2 = 8
4. 5 × 4 = 20
5. 6 × 2 = 12

FAQ

What is Numicon?

Numicon is a set of patterned shapes that help children understand numbers. Each shape shows a number with a unique pattern of holes.

How does Numicon help with multiplication?

Numicon shapes help children see multiplication as equal groups. You can make groups of the same shape and count the holes to find the answer.

Can I use Numicon for all multiplication facts?

Yes, Numicon can be used for any multiplication fact. It helps with understanding, not just memorising.

Is Numicon only for young children?

No, Numicon is helpful for children of all ages. It can be used for learning basic multiplication and later for more complex math.

What if my child finds Numicon shapes confusing?

Start with simple problems and use lots of hands-on practice. Make it fun and encouraging. Numicon shapes are about seeing numbers, not just memorising.