Ten frames activities

Quick answer

Ten frames are grids of 10 squares that help children see numbers and understand how they relate to 10. They make it easy to learn addition, subtraction, and number bonds by showing how numbers fit together in groups of ten.

Learning outcome

By the end of this page, you will understand how to use ten frames to show numbers, build number bonds to 10, and solve simple addition and subtraction problems.

• You can fill a ten frame with counters to show any number from 0 to 10.
• You can use two ten frames to show how numbers combine to make 10.
• You can solve simple addition and subtraction problems using ten frames.
• You can explain how ten frames help you see patterns in numbers.

Why this matters

Learning with ten frames helps children understand numbers in a visual way. It makes it easier to see how numbers work together, especially when adding or subtracting. This skill is important for future maths like multiplication, fractions, and working with larger numbers. You use ten frames when you count your toys, share snacks, or even play games where you need to know how many more you need to reach 10.

How it works

A ten frame is a grid with 10 squares – 2 rows of 5 squares. You can use counters, blocks, or even draw dots to fill the squares. When you fill a ten frame:

1. Start from the top row and fill left to right.
2. When the top row is full, fill the bottom row.
3. Count how many counters are in the frame to see the number.

For example, if you put 7 counters in a ten frame, you can see that 7 is 3 less than 10. This helps you learn number bonds like 7 + 3 = 10.

Examples you can see

Here are some examples of how ten frames work:

Example 1: You have 4 red counters and 3 blue counters. Show them on two ten frames.

First ten frame: 4 counters filled.

Second ten frame: 3 counters filled.

You can see that 4 + 3 = 7.

Example 2: You have 8 marbles and want to know how many more to make 10.

Fill 8 squares on a ten frame.

Count how many squares are empty: 2 squares.

So 8 + 2 = 10. This shows that 8 and 2 make 10.

Example 3: You have 9 stickers and use 5 of them.

Start with 9 stickers on a ten frame.

Remove 5 counters.

Count how many are left: 4.

So 9 – 5 = 4.

Try it as a mini adventure

Adventure: The Treasure Hunt

You are on a treasure hunt. You have a map with 10 steps. You’ve taken 6 steps already. How many more steps do you need?

1. Draw a ten frame.
2. Fill 6 squares with a counter or dot to show the steps you’ve taken.
3. Count the empty squares – these are the steps you still need to take.

You need 4 more steps to find the treasure!

Common mistakes

• Mistake: Counting from the bottom row first instead of the top row.
• Why it happens: Not knowing the pattern of filling the ten frame.
• Fix: Always start from the top row and go left to right.

• Mistake: Thinking 10 + 1 = 10.
• Why it happens: Confusing the idea of adding more to 10.
• Fix: Show that 10 + 1 = 11 by adding one more square to the frame.

• Mistake: Not seeing that 7 and 3 make 10.
• Why it happens: Not practising number bonds to 10.
• Fix: Use two ten frames to show how numbers pair to make 10.

Parent and carer guide

As a parent or carer, you can help your child by:

• Using ten frames with counters, buttons, or even dried beans.
• Practising number bonds to 10 by filling one frame and asking how many more are needed.
• Playing games like “How many more to 10?” where you say a number and they show it on a ten frame.
• Using ten frames to solve simple problems like “If you have 7 apples and eat 3, how many are left?”
• Not worrying if your child makes a mistake – it’s part of learning!

Practice questions

1. How many more counters do you need to fill a ten frame if you already have 5?
2. Fill a ten frame with 9 counters. How many are empty?
3. What number is shown if you have 3 counters in the top row and 4 in the bottom row?
4. If you have 6 counters and want to make 10, how many more do you need?
5. Draw a ten frame with 2 counters. What number does it show?

Answers:

1. 5 more
2. 1 empty
3. 7
4. 4 more
5. 2

FAQ

What is a ten frame?

A ten frame is a grid with 10 squares (2 rows of 5) used to help children learn numbers and how they work together.

Why are ten frames helpful?

They help children see numbers in a visual way, making it easier to learn number bonds, addition, and subtraction.

Can I make my own ten frames?

Yes! You can draw a 2-row, 5-column grid on paper or use a plastic frame with counters.

Can ten frames be used for bigger numbers?

Yes! You can use two ten frames to show numbers up to 20 or more.

How can I use ten frames at home?

Use them when counting toys, snacks, or steps. Ask questions like “How many more to 10?” or “What number is this?”